Glycan-Based Near-infrared Fluorescent (NIRF) Imaging of Gastrointestinal Tumors: a Preclinical Proof-of-Concept In Vivo Study

Molecular Imaging and Biology - Aberrantly expressed glycans in cancer are of particular interest for tumor targeting. This proof-of-concept in vivo study aims to validate the use of aberrant Lewis...     

白芍对酒精性肝损伤肝阴虚证的保护功效和机制

目的研究白芍对小鼠酒精性肝损伤肝阴虚证的保护功效和机制。方法将ICR小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、一贯煎组、白芍组,每组10只,除空白组外,用Lieber-DeCarli酒精液体饲料加甲状腺激素灌胃制备小鼠酒精性肝损伤肝阴虚证模型。造模期第1天开始给药,一贯煎组灌胃一贯煎水提液9.07 g/kg,白芍组灌胃白芍水提液4.3 g/kg,空白组和模型组灌胃等量生理盐水。28 d后观察各组小鼠状态,测定体重、体温、心率,测定血清及肝组织转氨酶活性、细胞因子水平、乙醇及脂肪代谢相关酶活性、抗氧化酶活性并取肝脏进行冰冻油红、HE病理切片检查。结果与空白组相比,模型组小鼠体重明显减轻,体温升高,心率加快,且出现毛发无光泽、疲倦易困、烦躁易怒等症状;血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)水平及肝组织丙二醛(MDA)、细胞色素P450同工酶E1(CYP2E1)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)水平明显升高;血清中环磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)水平及肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)、乙醛脱氢酶2(ALDH2)、白细胞介素10(IL-10)、白细胞介素1Ra(IL-1Ra)水平明显降低;肝脏出现脂质沉积及肝细胞坏死情况。与模型组相比,白芍组小鼠血清中ALT、AST、TG、TC、cAMP水平均明显降低(P<0.05),cGMP水平明显升高(P<0.05);肝组织中CYP2E1、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平明显降低(P<0.05),SOD、CAT、ADH、ALDH2、IL-10、IL-1Ra水平明显升高(P<0.05);肝组织脂质占比显著降低(P<0.05),肝细胞坏死程度改善。结论白芍具有明显的保护酒精性肝损伤肝阴虚证的作用,其机制与调节cAMP/cGMP水平及细胞因子水平、使肝细胞功能与代谢恢复平衡、增强肝组织中乙醇代谢关键酶及抗氧化酶活性、同时抑制脂质过氧化反应、减少脂质沉积有关。     

原发性夜遗尿症儿童睡眠状况分析

目的 探讨睡眠问题与遗尿病情严重程度的相关性.方法 选取2020年6月至2021年8月在首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院就诊的5～16岁原发性夜遗尿症儿童675例,收集患儿的基本情况、排尿排便情况、既往病史、家庭情况、生活习惯、睡眠状况及儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停18项生活质量调查量表(ostructive sleep apnea 18-item quality-of-life questionnaire,OSA-18)等临床资料.分析原发性夜遗尿症患儿基本情况、睡眠状况与遗尿病情严重程度的相关性.结果 675例患儿中,轻/中度组345例(51.1％),重度组330例(48.9％).重度组年龄小于轻/中度组[7.3(6.1,9.2)岁比8.0(6.6,9.6)岁],差异有统计学意义(P=0.001),年龄越大重度夜遗尿的风险越低(OR=0.918,P=0.014).患儿身高及肥胖程度组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),其中身材矮小患儿10例(1.5％),超重或肥胖203例(30.1％).伴随症状方面,重度组存在膀胱功能障碍比例(17.3％比11.0％)、注意力不集中和(或)多动比例(47.9％比35.9％)较高,与轻/中度组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).675例患儿中较为普遍的存在睡眠中被家长唤醒(79.1％)、睡眠不足(35.1％)、入睡前饮水进食(75.6％)等睡眠习惯问题.异态睡眠发生率为65.3％,重度组异态睡眠发生率及种类与轻/中度组的差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).重度组OAS-18量表总评分高于轻/中度组[48(34,58)分比41(31,52)分,P＜0.001],各分项评分也高于轻/中度组(P＜0.05),且OSA-18量表总评分越高重度夜遗尿症的风险越高(OR=1.019,P＜0.001).561例(83.1％)患儿OSA-18评分提示生活质量影响程度为轻度,余114例(16.9％)为中或重度,遗尿病情严重程度组间生活质量影响程度比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.002).结论 原发性夜遗尿症患儿中较为普遍的存在睡眠问题,需注意持续的生长发育评估,倡导合理的教养方式及家庭生活方式,积极加强生活行为训练,改善睡眠质量,并且及时评估睡眠呼吸障碍性疾病的风险.     

基于超声征象建立股浅动脉支架再狭窄的风险预测评分模型

目的建立综合、有效的股浅动脉支架再狭窄风险预测模型,在术前预测支架再狭窄的可能,为手术方案的选择提供指导意见。方法回顾性纳入2016年1月至2018年1月在首都医科大学宣武医院接受股浅动脉支架治疗的患者328例(共381条患肢)作为建模队列。以超声作为评价手段,依据多因素Logistic回归分析筛选支架再狭窄的独立危险因素,按其权重赋值,建立支架再狭窄风险预测评分模型。以受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线验证模型的区分度,并根据其最佳界值将评分模型分为支架再狭窄低危组和高危组。结果多因素Logistic回归分析显示,8项危险因素被纳入评分系统并建立支架再狭窄风险预测模型,钙化斑块、腘动脉收缩期峰值流速<40 cm/s、膝下流出道评分≥4分、踝臂指数<0.5、女性均赋值1分,患者合并脑梗死、慢性肾病、病变总长度15.0~24.9 cm均赋值2分,病变总长度≥25.0 cm赋值3分,模型最高计12分。以数字减影血管造影(DSA)为金标准,经ROC曲线验证,提示该评分体系具有较高的预测价值[ROC曲线下面积(AUC)=0.775,95%CI=0.727~0.824,P<0.001]和拟合优度(χ²=4.921,P=0.766),一致性检验Kappa值为0.609。将评分模型进一步分为再狭窄低危组(0~5分)和再狭窄高危组(6~12分),其敏感性为68.1%,特异性为74.6%,准确性为72.7%。结论股浅动脉支架再狭窄风险预测评分模型可在术前较准确地预测再狭窄的发生,为精准制定手术方案提供理论依据。     

Efeitos Terapêuticos da Tripla Antiagregação Plaquetária em Pacientes Femininas Idosas com Diabetes e Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio

BackgroundDual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is the cornerstone treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).ObjectiveThe present study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of triple antiplatelet therapy (TAPT) in elderly female patients with diabetes and ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), who had undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).MethodsWe designed a randomized, single-blind study. Control group A (97 elderly male patients with diabetes and STEMI, whose CRUSADE scores were < 30) received aspirin, ticagrelor, and tirofiban. A total of 162 elderly female patients with diabetes and STEMI were randomly divided into two groups according to CRUSADE score. Group B (69 patients with CRUSADE score > 31) received aspirin and ticagrelor. Group C (93 patients with CRUSADE score < 30) received aspirin, ticagrelor and tirofiban. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsCompared to the findings in group A, post-PCI Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grade 3 blood flow and TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 3 were significantly less prevalent in group B (p < 0.05). When compared to groups A and C, the incidence of major adverse complications was significantly higher in group B (p < 0.05).ConclusionTAPT could effectively reduce the incidence of major complications in elderly female patients with diabetes and STEMI. However, close attention should be paid to hemorrhage in patients receiving TAPT. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)     

Association of dietary isoflavone consumption with subclinical cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and elderly Chinese people

Background and aimsThe association between isoflavone (ISF) consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains controversial because of limited evidence. Carotid atherosclerosis is an established indicator of subclinical CVD. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary ISF intake and subclinical CVD in middle-aged and elderly adults.Methods and resultsA total of 873 subjects aged 40–70 years without CVD were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. A restricted cubic spline was used to investigate the association between ISF intake and subclinical CVD risk. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval of the risk of subclinical CVD for ISF were estimated by two-segmented logistic regression analysis. In Model 2, there was a non-linear association between ISF intake and the risk of subclinical CVD among women (P_non-linear = 0.002), with an inverse association below the change point. The nadir for the risk of subclinical CVD among women was 7.26 mg/day (energy-adjusted). Below the change point, an increase of 1 mg ISF/day reduced the risk of subclinical CVD by 15%. There was no significant association between ISF intake and subclinical CVD risk above the change point (OR = 1.01 [0.99, 1.04]). ISF intake was not associated with subclinical CVD risk in men (Model 2: P_non-linear = 0.224).ConclusionsBelow the change point (7.26 mg/day), women with a higher intake of ISF had a significantly lower risk of subclinical CVD. Encouraging the consumption of ISF-rich foods may help to lower CVD risk in middle-aged and elderly women.Trial registrationThis study is registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR 1900022445).     

Evaluating the use of cell phone messaging for community Ebola syndromic surveillance in high risked settings in Southern Sierra Leone

BackgroundMost underdeveloped countries do not meet core disease outbreak surveillance because of the lack of human resources, laboratory and infrastructural facilities. The use of cell phone technology for disease outbreak syndromic surveillance is a new phenomenon in Sierra Leone despite its successes in other developing countries like Sri Lanka. In this study we set to evaluate the effectiveness of using cell phone technology for Ebola hemorrhagic fever syndromic surveillance in a high risked community in Sierra Leone.ObjectivesThis study evaluated the effectiveness of using cell phone messaging (text and calls) for community Ebola hemorrhagic fever syndromic surveillance in high risked community in southern Sierra Leone.MethodAll cell phone syndromic surveillance data used for this study was reported as cell phone alert messages-texts and voice calls; by the Moyamba District Health Management Team for both Ebola hemorrhagic fever suspect and mortalities. We conducted a longitudinal data analysis of the monthly cumulative confirmed Ebola hemorrhagic fever cases and mortalities collected by both the traditional sentinel and community cell phone syndromic surveillance from August 2014 to October 2014.ResultsA total of 129 and 49 Ebola hemorrhagic fever suspect and confirmed cases respectively were recorded using the community Ebola syndromic surveillance cell phone alert system by the Moyamba District Health Management Team in October 2014. The average number of Ebola hemorrhagic fever suspects and confirmed cases for October 2014 were 4.16 (Std.dev 3.76) and 1.58 (Std.dev 1.43) respectively. Thirty-four percent (n=76) of the community Ebola syndromic surveillance cell phone alerts that were followed-up within 24 hours reported Ebola hemorrhagic fever suspect cases while 65.92% (n=147) reported mortality.ConclusionOur study suggests some form of underreporting by the traditional sentinel Ebola hemorrhagic fever disease surveillance system in Moyamba District southern Sierra Leone for August-September 2014. Cell phone messaging technology can be effectively use as a tool for community epidemic surveillance from peripheral health care facilities to higher levels.